Biography of Paul Dirac Discoverer of Antimatter

English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac is known for a wide range of contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly to formalizing the mathematical concepts and techniques needed to make the principles internally consistent.  Paul Dirac was awarded the 1933  Nobel Prize in physics, together with  Erwin Schrodinger, for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory. General Information Full name: Paul Adrien Maurice DiracBorn: August 8, 1902, in Bristol, EnglandMarried: Margit Manci Wigner, 1937Children:  Judith Gabriel (Margits children whom Paul adopted) followed by Mary Elizabeth and Florence Monica.Died: October 20, 1984, in Tallahassee, Florida Early Education Dirac earned an engineering degree from the University of Bristol in 1921. Though he received top marks and was accepted to St. Johns College in Cambridge, the scholarship of 70 pounds that he earned was insufficient to support him living in Cambridge. The depression following World War I also made it hard for him to find work as an engineer, so he decided to accept an offer to earn a bachelors degree in mathematics at the University of Bristol. He graduated with his degree in mathematics in 1923 and got another scholarship, which finally allowed him to move to Cambridge to begin his studies in physics, focusing on general relativity. His doctorate was earned in 1926, with the first doctoral thesis on quantum mechanics to be submitted to any university. Major Research Contributions Paul Dirac had a wide range of research interests and was incredibly productive in his work. His doctoral thesis in 1926 he built on the work of Werner Heisenberg and Edwin Schrodinger to introduce a new notation for the quantum wavefunction that was more analogous to previous, classical (i.e. non-quantum) methods. Building off of this framework, he established the Dirac equation in 1928, which represented the relativistic quantum mechanical equation for the electron. One artifact of this equation was that it predicted a result describing another potential particle that seemed like it was precisely identical to an electron, but possessed a positive rather than negative electrical charge. From this result, Dirac predicted the existence of the positron, the first antimatter particle, which was then discovered by Carl Anderson in 1932. In 1930, Dirac published his book Principles of Quantum Mechanics, which became one of the most significant textbooks on the subject of quantum mechanics for nearly a century. In addition to covering the various approaches to quantum mechanics at the time, including the work of Heisenberg and Schrodinger, Dirac also introduced the bra-ket notation that became a standard in the field and the Dirac delta function, which allowed a mathematical method for resolving the seeming discontinuities introduced by quantum mechanics in a manageable way. Dirac also considered the existence of magnetic monopoles, with intriguing implications for quantum physics should they ever be observed to exist in nature. To date, they have not, but his work continues to inspire physicists to seek them out. Awards and Recognition 1930 - elected a Fellow of the Royal Society1933 - Nobel Prize in Physics1939 - Royal Medal (also known as the Queens Medal) from the Royal Society1948 - Honorary Fellow of the American Physical Society1952 - Copley Medal1952 - Max Planck Medal1969 - J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize (inaugural)1971 - Honorary Fellow of Institute of Physics, London1973 - Member of the Order of Merit Paul Dirac was once offered a knighthood but turned it down as he did not wish to be addressed by his first name (i.e. Sir Paul).

In Cold Blood - 1371 Words

Truman Capote’s use of form in his novel In Cold Blood really grabs the reader’s attention. His manipulation of form makes the reader feel as if they are part of the investigation that occurred after the unforgettable night at the Clutter house. He places the information that he gathered from the research in the book in a very interesting sequence that leaves the reader in a state of confusion. The way he jumps from the investigation to the killers within the book adds a sense of dramatic irony but never gives away why or how these cruel men murdered the family. What confuses the reader even more is that Capote leaves us feeling sorry for one of these vicious men, Perry. How Capote utilizes form makes the reader build an emotional†¦show more content†¦Capote was certainly right with his assumption. When Perry was found guilty and sentenced the death penalty, he decided that he was going to die on his own terms instead of someone elses and began to starve himself. Capote is who nursed him back to health by spoon-feeding him baby food. This scene portrays a picture of a father feeding a baby, which makes us see Perry as a helpless child instead of a mass murderer. Capote continues to be a father figure to Perry and gains his full trust. Now that Capote is fully inside Perry’s mind, he is capable of figuring out why Perry is who he is. He finds out that Perry’s troubles began at his childhood. He discovers that Perry was abandoned by his mother and had family members that committed suicide. Any person with that kind of background is bound to have psychological problems. This is when Capote begins to think that Perry was not given a fair trial. According to the MNaghten Rule, the criminals could be tested for insanity by any kind of doctor, Capote felt as if this was not fair because Dr. Jones wasn’t allowed to elaborate about Dick and Perry’s medical report in the trial. Capote continues to gather information on Perry’s past to try to completely comprehend what Perry has gone through. He even makes a visit to Perry’s sister, who doesn’t want to have anything to do with him or the rest of their family. Perry’s sister’sShow MoreRelatedIn Cold Blood1256 Word s   |  6 PagesTruman Capote’s non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood, was a breakthrough in literacy in that it was accredited as the first non-fiction novel. There was a lot of controversy when the book was first published because of the incredibility of the work. This could be expected in that time, because people where not familiar with the concept of non-fiction novels yet, but this is where the beauty of this style of writing lies, the recreation of the truth. It would have been impossible for Capote to have documentedRead MoreCold Blood1139 Words   |  5 PagesIn the non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, Truman Capote (1965) gives his own narrative of the Holcomb tragedy in which a family of four living out on a secluded farm were slaughtered with a shotgun by the collaboration of two individuals for a seemingly few dollars. In this novel, Capote gives a thorough character description of the two murderers, Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, as he recreates their experience (mu ch as he sees it as it would be from their eyes). He gives accounts preceding the eventRead MoreIn Cold Blood999 Words   |  4 PagesIn Truman Capote’s non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, the Clutter family’s murderers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, are exposed like never before. The novel allows the reader to experience an intimate understanding of the murderer’s pasts, thoughts, and feelings. It goes into great detail of Smith and Hickock’s pasts which helps to explain the path of life they were walking leading up to the murder’s, as well as the thought’s that were running through their minds after the killings. Perry Smith wasRead MoreIn Cold Blood1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe book I chose to read and do my book journal on this quarter was In Cold Blood by Truman Capote. I really thought that this book was much longer than it really should have been, although it was still a fairly interesting book. The idea that someone you have never met and never heard about could rob and kill everyone in your house is a rather unnerving notion. In this book there is really only one part that I cannot figure out. Towards the end of the book Al Dewey one of the men responsibleRead MoreImagery in in Cold Blood876 Words   |  4 PagesTruly successful authors have the ability to convey their view of a place without actually saying it, to portray a landscape in a certain light simply by describing it. In the opening paragraphs of In Cold Blood, Truman Capote does just this. Through his use of stylistic elements such as selection of detail, imagery, and figurative language, Capote reveals his own solemn and mysterious view of Holcomb, Kansas, while setting the stage for an imminent change. Beginning in the first line of the passageRead MoreCold Blood by Truman Capote900 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1965, Truman Capote created the infamous tale known as â€Å"In Cold Blood†. The book created the illusion of fantasy while based on reality. Many people were floored at the brilliance Capote demonstrated within the pages. The book took the literary concept of a novel with the literary elements of designed scenes, characters, a story formed with an introduction, rising action, climax and resolution to the real events surrounding the murder of the Clutter family. Those that worked in the field ofRead MoreIn Cold Blood Authorial Intents1703 Words   |  7 PagesIn Cold Blood: Two Intents, One Novel On November 15, 1959, the whole nation was shocked by a ghastly murder involving four family members in the discrete farm town of Holcomb, Kansas. It was most shocking because a crime of this magnitude with no motive was rare. This was so discomforting a well known author, by the name of Truman Capote, moved to Holcomb to record the townspeople’s reaction to the tragedy. The idea of how they responded to the crime gave Capote the idea to write a book. In ColdRead MoreIn Cold Blood Book Review896 Words   |  4 Pagesand motives of complex crime, read Truman Capote’s â€Å"In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences.† If one scares easily, is squeamish or wants to avoid imagining a remorseless, brutal killer around every corner, do not. In his 1965 nonfiction novel, Capote paints a disturbingly vivid picture of the quadruple murder of the Clutters, a highly regarded and semi-wealthy farming family from Holcomb, Kansas. In Cold Blood examines the incentives and methods used by the killersRead MoreCold Blood By Truman Capote1322 Words   |  6 Pages In Cold Blood by Truman Capote would be a good, diverse addition to the ENG 3U course for many reasons, beginning with how the novel is non-fiction, but still manages to create a story line, while remaining appealing for the reason that it differs from most novels on course syllabus to the way the author can make you feel for the characters. In Cold Blood is a novel written about a real life event that happened in Holcomb, Kansas, 1959. A family of four is murdered in their house in cold bloodRead MoreCold Blood : The Trial Of The Century966 Words   |  4 PagesIn Cold Blood verses the Trial of the Century Timelines and storytelling are two of the important aspects of any trial which occurs in the American Courts. The story of â€Å"In Cold Blood† by Truman Capote’s original publication in a four part article in The New Yorker, In Cold Blood was turned into a movie, some would say a documentary of the mass murder, it mirrors the crime O.J. Simpson was accused of in many aspects as being brutal and deliberate but as in both instances the stories appear to bring

Tendon Elasticity

Question: Describe the structure and function of tendons, mechanical properties of tendons, changes in Kinetic and Potential Energy and tendon support in locomotion? Answer: Structure and function of tendons Tendons have properties of elasticity which help them to be flexible and angulated around the bones or joints. They receive their blood supply from the covering of the tendons (vessels in perimycium), periosteal insertions and also from the surrounding tissues. The attachment by the tendons is very important and it is present where the point of insertion is at a distance or where the muscle exertion power is more across a joint. When the tendons stretch themselves and recoil, the metabolic energy gets saved and is thereafter used in locomotion. It stores and returns the elastic strain energy when the kinetic energy is lost during locomotion. (Antony, 2016) Tendons enable the mammals and birds to run and jump. They play an important role in position control while stopping by controlling the force exerted to initiate a jump. This is done by recoiling which is much faster than the action of muscles to shorten themselves. Tendons in a body perform functions to connect muscles to bone, to provide muscles a pinnate arrangement to perform various tasks. They help in contraction and relaxation of the muscles by sometimes extending up as intramuscular tendons. Their main function is to transmit tensile forces generated by the muscle cells and bring about compression and shear as they work around bony or fibrous structures. (Passerieux, 2007) Mechanical properties of tendons Although the function of tendons is tightly integrated, but their mechanical role of contraction during locomotion is independently performed. Alone the muscle fibers cannot work with perfect mechanical force, but when accompanied with tendons makes a muscle-tendon unit which enhances the performance for a wide variety of locomotors activities. When an activity of lower mechanical energy is needed like steady-speed running, then tendons save the mechanical energy by reducing muscle work and recovering cyclic changes in the muscles. The reduced muscle work develops high forces in the skeletal muscle fibers and allows muscle fibers to work isometrically. This action is carried out by stretching and recoiling of the associated tendon. Evidences have suggested that while running, the acceleration gets transferred directly from the muscle to the tendon resulting in its stretch. The stored energy in the tendon gets released and thus the energy level in the body also rises up to perform the task. This periodic change in the length of tendons helps to distribute the muscle power equally and provides independent flexion/extension movement to occur at a joint. (Robert, 2002) Changes in Kinetic and Potential Energy The utilization of the elastic energy and its reuse during locomotion/running is a result of change that occurs in the kinetic energy of the runner. The center of mass of the limb absorbs the kinetic and potential energy thus slowing down first half of the step. The stored energy only helps in performing half of the activity and the other half is done by the cyclic work of the contractile elements. The energy saved by the elastic mechanism of the runners is not only to reduce muscle work but to allow the muscles to operate at shortened velocities which are necessary for the production of force during running. Apart from the fluctuations in the mechanical energy, the running animals move at a steady speed to generate sufficient muscle force so that their body weight remains supported. The evidences from the studies of muscle and limb dynamics have suggested that tendons stretch early in the step of muscle shortening which is the energy directly transferred from the muscle during the running accelerations. The stored energy in the tendons is then released to empower the increase in energy of the body. This change in length of the tendon redistributes the muscle power and enables the contractile elements to shorten at constant velocities. (Thomas, 2002) Tendon support in locomotion The stiffness of the collagens makes it ideal to function properly as a spring in the tendons of vertebrates; 91-95 percent of the energy stored by the tendons on stretching can be removed by the elastic recoiling of the tendon fibers. The tendon requires much less maintenance and operating cost per unit mass than that compared to a muscle (300-500 fold).this relationship reaches to its maximum when the required force is transmitted completely by the passive stretch of the tendon. Animals energy is worked out directly by the muscle to operate, maintain and move relatively with the tissue mass, otherwise it would be carried out by the tendons passively. To better understand the function and use of tendons in the locomotors activities of animals, an example of ostrich and Maos can be taken. Ostriches are said to be the fastest running bird on the planet. The reason behind it is the structure of legs designed in such a way so as to control and maximize its speed and duration during a run. When measurements were taken to find the reason behind, it was found that maximum stress is laid on the muscles and tendons of legs and highest amount of forces takes place during the initiation and termination of the run. Like ostriches maos are also flightless birds that have heavier and thicker bones than ostriches. Their body mass is greater than the weight in their bones which allows them to run fast and lay less stress on tendons. Conclusion The tendon elasticity and muscle work that helps animals in locomotion and the mechanics behind it lies under the architecture system of the muscle-tendon unit. Muscles generally contribute only to the mechanical work whereas tendons play a major role in providing elastic energy to the animal to perform a specific task. They provide majority of muscle activity by saving the elastic energy and using it when required. The various forces acting on the body (eccentric or isometric) are enhanced which reduces the energy expenditure and provides balance and comfort during an activity. References Benjamin, M., Kaiser, E. and Milz, S. (2008). Structure-function relationships in tendons: a review.J Anatomy, 212(3), pp.211-228. Bennett, M. (2009). A possible energy-saving role for the major fascia of the thigh in running quadrupedal mammals.Journal of Zoology, 219(2), pp.221-230. D'Antoni, A. (2016). Gray's Anatomy, the Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, Forty-First Edition, by Susan Standring, Editor-in-Chief, Elsevier Limited, 2016, 1,562 Pages, ISBN: 978-0-7020-5230-9.Clin. Anat., 29(2), pp.264-265. Dickinson, M. (2000). How Animals Move: An Integrative View.Science, 288(5463), pp.100-106.) Irschick, D. (2004). Animal Locomotion. Oxford Animal Biology Series. By AndrewABiewener. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0198500238 (hc); 019850022X (pb). 2003.The Quarterly Review of Biology, 79(1), pp.89-90.) Magnusson, S., Narici, M., Maganaris, C. and Kjaer, M. (2008). Human tendon behavior and adaptation, in vivo.The Journal of Physiology, 586(1), pp.71-81.) PASSERIEUX, E., ROSSIGNOL, R., LETELLIER, T. and DELAGE, J. (2007). Physical continuity of the perimycium from myofibers to tendons: Involvement in lateral force transmission in skeletal muscle. Journal of Structural Biology, 159(1), pp.19-28. Roberts, T. (2002). The integrated function of muscles and tendons during locomotion.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular Integrative Physiology, 133(4), pp.1087-1099.) Roberts, T. (2002). The integrated function of muscles and tendons during locomotion.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular Integrative Physiology, 133(4), pp.1087-1099.) Wells, K. (1999). Principles of Animal Design: The Optimization and Symmorphosis Debate Ewald R. Weibel C. Richard Taylor Liana Bolis.The Quarterly Review of Biology, 74(2), pp.233-234. Williams, S., Wilson, A., Rhodes, L., Andrews, J. and Payne, R. (2008). Functional anatomy and muscle moment arms of the pelvic limb of an elite sprinting athlete: the racing greyhound.Journal of Anatomy, 213(4), pp.361-372.)

Traffic Collision and People free essay sample

As the number of vehicles on the roads increases, so does the danger. Although there is modern safety equipment, cars are still mainly responsible for the total number of traffic accidents. This is very common in Turkey, which has the second highest RTA (road traffic accident) rate in the world. There are several reasons for traffic accidents in Turkey such as the attitude of Turkish drivers, the poor conditions of the roads, and the number of old cars in traffic. The first reason for traffic accidents in Turkey is the attitude of Turkish drivers. Turkish drivers can become completely different when they drive their cars. Especially people in a traffic jam become very nervous because the crowd makes them crazy, so they lose their patience and also their attention. In addition, most young drivers like driving fast and they risk their lives and other people’s lives. What’s more, some Turkish people drive when they are drunk. We will write a custom essay sample on Traffic Collision and People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can be very difficult to control their cars when they drink too much. Another reason is the poor conditions of roads. There are road constructions all the time. For example, one day, they dig the road for telephone cabling. Then the road is repaired. Two days later, it is repaired again and they install electricity cables. As a result, the road is full of holes. Furthermore, the road signs are poorly arranged. It is too difficult to read a sign when the traffic is going very fast because the sign is either behind a tree or some words are erased from it. The final for reason for traffic accidents in Turkey is that there are lots of old cars in traffic. The owners of these cars do not care about them, so they can cause accidents. For example, if a car is twenty years old, its wheel can fall off, and this can lead to a terrible accident. In addition, old cars have old engines, and old engines can be a huge problem. For instance, they can start to burn in traffic. To sum up, the attitude of Turkish drivers, the poor conditions of the roads, and the number of old cars in traffic are the reasons why people have accidents in Turkey. It is strogly believed that the number of accidents can decrease if people keep calm, take a taxi when they are drunk, repair the roads, and place the traffic signs where people can see them easily. They should also ban old cars from traffic. If nothing is done, many people will go on dying. ( giving advice) Answer the following questions. 1. What is the essay about? It is about the reasons for traffic accidents in Turkey. 2. What is the first reason for traffic accidents in Turkey? The attitude of Turkish drivers 3. What are the results of driving in a traffic jam? Give TWO examples. a) They become very nervous b) They lose their patience and also their attention. 4. What is the second reason for traffic accidents in Turkey? The poor conditions of roads 5. Why can it be difficult to read road signs in fast-going traffic? Give TWO reasons. a) The sign is either behind a tree b) Some words are erased from it What is the third reason for traffic accidents in Turkey? There are lots of old cars in traffic 7. What pieces of advice does the author give us to stop traffic accidents in Turkey? Give TWO examples. People should keep calm / take a taxi when they are drunk / repair the roads / place the traffic signs where people can see them easily / ban old cars from traffic SAMPLE ESSAY 2 Read the model essay. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF WATCHING TELEVISION In a recent cartoon, one character said to another, â€Å"When you think of the great power of television to educate people, aren’t you glad it doesn’t? † It is true that television has the power to educate and entertain, but unfortunately, television brings harm to people instead of benefits. Television is harmful because it creates passivity, discourages communication, and presents a false picture of reality. First of all, television makes viewers passive. For example, little children love watching the Sesame Street. In the Sesame Street, the characters are going on natural walks, playing with animals, and taking part in games. However, children become coach potatoes since they just sit and watch their favourite characters. Therefore, they become physically passive. In addition, older viewers watch a discussion programme, but nobody will turn to the home viewers to ask for their opinion about the topic that is discussed on television. As a result, it is inevitable for them to become mentally passive. Secondly, television discourages communication. Families who watch television a lot talk only during commercials. If their next door neighbour visits them, the most comfortable activity for everyone is to watch television instead of having a conversation. What’s more, in some houses, all the family members have their own televisions in their rooms. As a result, people separately watch television and have a little communication. Worst of all, television presents a false picture of reality. This picture makes viewers angry because they do not have the beauty or richness of characters on television. Viewers think that everyone in the United States has a luxurious apartment, a fast car and expensive wardrobe. Every detective, police officer, and lawyer, male or female, is suitable for a celebrity poster. In addition, news anchors and reporters have perfect hair and makeup because they must fit television’s standard of beauty. However, when viewers meet the characters on television, they become disappointed because they realise that what they see on television is far from reality. All in all, television, like cigarettes or saccharine, is harmful to our health. We are becoming passive, isolated and angry. And, most frightening, the average viewer spends a lot of time in front of television. I believe that people should reduce their television viewing time to be more sociable and active. Answer the following questions. 1. What is the essay about? It is about why television is harmful 2. What are the harmful effects of television? An essay is a piece of writing that usually has five or more paragraphs. An essay is written about one topic that has several main points. The main points are introduced in an introduction paragraph and supported in body paragraphs. The conclusion paragraph is the last paragraph. INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH An introduction paragraph is the first paragraph in an essay. It contains two parts. Background Information: A few sentences about your subject that catch the attention of your reader. A Thesis Statement: One sentence that tells your reader the main points of your topic and states the overall â€Å"plan† of your essay. General Statements Metropolitan City is full of charm and beauty, so visitors from around the world come to enjoy its famous theatres, museums, and ethnic restaurants. Although Metropolitan City seems like a paradise, it isn’t. The city has several serious problems: poor public transportation, crowded streets, and expensive housing. Thesis Statement GIVING BACKGROUND INFORMATION There are no specific rules for writing an introduction, but there are several techniques. Many introductions use one or a combination of the following techniques to provide background information and capture the readers attention. Move from general to specific This type of introduction opens with a general statement on the subject that shows importance and then leads the reader to the more specific thesis statement. Use an anecdote Another way to write an introduction is to relate an interesting story that will interest the reader in the subject. Newspaper and magazine writers frequently use this technique to begin their articles. Use a quotation A quotation is an easy way to introduce your topic. You can quote an authority on your subject or use an interesting quotation from an article. You can also be more informal and use a proverb or a favourite saying of a friend or relative. Ask a question Asking one or more questions at the beginning of an essay is a good way to interest readers in the topic right away. They will want to continue reading in order to find the answers to the questions. Present facts and statistics Presenting some interesting facts or statistics establishes credibility. Analysing Introductions Read the following sample introductions. Then, in small groups, identify the technique or techniques that are used in each one. Remember that authors often use a combination of techniques to write an introduction. 1. Karate, which literally means the art of empty hands, is the most widely practiced of all the martial arts. It is a way of self-defence that uses the body as a weapon for striking, kicking, and blocking. The art of karate, which originated in the ancient Orient, is more than 1,000 years old. It developed first as a form of monastery training and later became a method of self-defence. During the seventeenth century, karate became highly developed as an art on the Japanese island of Okinawa. Over the years, this ancient art has become very popular, and today karate is practiced throughout the world. More than a method of combat, karate emphasizes self-discipline, positive attitude, and high moral purpose. Technique(s): _________________________ 2. One student looks at his neighbour’s exam paper and quickly copies the answers. Another student finds out the questions on a test before her class takes it and tells her friends. Still another student hides a sheet of paper with formulas under her desk. What about you? Would you cheat on an exam if you knew you would not get caught? According to a recent national survey, 40 percent of American teenagers would cheat under that condition. What is causing cheating in our schools? Most students cheat on tests because they feel pressure to get into a good college, because they want to avoid long hours of studying, or simply because they are not concerned with honesty. Technique(s): _________________________ 3. Homicides cause the deaths of more children in Washington, D. G. , than any other single type of injury, including car accidents, or house fires. Unfortunately, this phenomenon is not exclusive to Washington. The overcrowded neighbourhoods of many big American cities, such as Detroit, Dallas, and Miami, all experience senseless violent crime. Types of violent crime range from burglary to rape and murder. The solution to this growing problem is not to build more and bigger prisons, but rather to examine and deal with the causes: easy access to guns, drug addiction, and increasing poverty. Technique(s): _________________________ 4. Misty, a five-month-old German shepherd puppy, goes to the hospital twice a week, but not to see a veterinarian. At this Veterans Administration hospital, Misty is helping doctors – not the other way around. Surprisingly, animals like Misty are visiting hospitals to relieve a type of pain doctors cannot treat. These animals give love in their therapy. Pets ranging from dogs to tropical fish are showing up as therapists in hospitals, nursing homes, prisons, and other institutions. Technique(s): _________________________ WHAT IS A THESIS STATEMENT? A thesis statement expresses your opinion about a topic. It is the basis of the introductory paragraph of your essay. It should be a single complete sentence. You must be sure you can support the opinion in your thesis. A thesis statement should never be an open-ended question be limited to mentioning only those points you plan to discuss in your essay never be so broad that it’s difficult to discuss all relevant information only present one specific idea; not multiple ideas not contain two conflicting ideas EXERCISES ON THESIS STATEMENT PART A: Identify the problems in the following thesis statements using these categories: (a) conflicting ideas(b) open-ended question(c) too broad(d) not limited 1. The World’s Fair in New Orleans was a disaster because of the way it was organised, but it was exciting for little children and had many good food booths. Problem(s): (c) too broad 2. TV commercials are disturbing to the person who wants to watch a good show; on the other hand, they provide entertainment and they provide a good opportunity to take a snack break. Problem(s): (a) conflicting ideas 3. Since politicians are constantly bombarding each other, how do they expect anyone to know who is right and who is wrong? Problem(s): (b) open-ended question 4. Rap music is a popular form of art because it is creative and original and because it follows the traditions of other spontaneously developed music like jazz. Problem(s): (c) too broad 5. If people are not conscious of pollution, the world will be destroyed by the year 2050. Problem(s): (d) not limited PART B: Write the thesis statement for the topic sentences given. 1. Thesis Statement: e. g. Working people have several problems. a. First of all, they may have to take work home. b. Another problem is that they have to work long hours. c. The most important problem is that they may be under pressure. Thesis Statement: Ready meals are becoming more and more popular every day. a. Firstly, ready meals are easy to prepare. b. Secondly, working people do not have enough time to cook. c. Finally, people can taste meals from around the world. 3. Thesis Statement: There are several reasons why people have sleeping problems. a. The first reason is that some people work really long hours and have to do a lot of travelling. b. Another reason for sleeping problems is unhealthy habits such as smoking or drinking too much coffee. c. Finally, in some countries people cannot sleep because of the lack of light. Thesis Statement: Heart trouble results from several factors. a. First of all, the person may be under stress. b. Another risk factor is a family history of relatives with heart trouble. c. The major factor, however, is an unhealthy lifestyle. 5. Thesis Statement: Watching TV is beneficial in several ways. a. First of all, watching TV has the value of relaxation. b. In addition to being relaxing , television is entertaining. c. Most importantly television is educational. BODY PARAGRAPHS The body consists of one or more paragraphs following the introduction. Each paragraph supports the main idea of your essay by breaking it down into smaller ideas or sub- topics. Each body paragraph consists of a ‘topic sentence’ and several ‘supporting sentences’. A ‘conclusion sentence’, which is optional, draws the paragraph together. Topic Sentence The first and most important problem is Metropolitan City’s inadequate public transportation system. Thousands of residents rely on the city’s buses and streetcars to travel throughout this large city, but Metro Transportation System’s daily schedules are totally unreliable. A bus or a streetcar that should arrive at 7:45 may not arrive until 8:00 or later. Moreover, it is not unusual for a bus driver to pass up groups of people who are waiting for the bus because he wants to make up for lost time. Unfortunately, many people go to work late or miss important appointments. People must allow for waiting time at the bus and streetcar stops to get to their destinations on time. Concluding Sentence EXERCISES PART A: Write three supporting sentences for each of the following topic sentences. e. g. : I am terrible at doing the laundry. a. I often shrink my favourite shirts because I leave them in the dryer for too long. b. I forget to separate the coloured clothes from the white ones. PART B: Fill in the clustering diagram below. Now fill in the diagram below. Complete the thesis statement, and write three body paragraphs for the introduction paragraph given below. THE CAUSES OF CRIME Nowadays, the most serious issue in modern societies is high crime rates. In other words, the number of people who commit crime has increased recently. Some streets in our city are so dangerous that we are afraid to walk in these streets at night. In addition, the number of thieves is very high in our neighbourhood. Well, what are the causes of this terrible situation? He is very ill. He will certainly die if you do not call a doctor. Clearly, that cannot be true. It is an obvious lie. Everyone knows that. REFORMULATION in other words to put it in a different way Michael is a heavy sleeper. In other words, it is very difficult to wake him up. Some people are workaholics. To put it in a different way, they hardly ever take time off work. ADDITION LINKING and also besides moreover furthermore / what’s more in addition first, (firstly, / first of all, / to begin with, / in the first place, / for one thing secondly, (second, / in the second place,) thirdly, (third, / in the third place,) finally, / lastly, / last of all, apart from as well as Tom is addicted to drugs. Moreover / Besides / Also, he drinks too much. Nancy writes short stories. In addition, she writes articles for a newspaper. To prepare his homework, Jack went through various history books. Furthermore, he took notes from several encyclopaedias. During her spare time, Kayla practices the piano. In addition, she plays the violin. I prefer to buy fruits and vegetables in the open market because they are quite cheap there. Besides, they are much fresher than fruits and vegetables sold at the greengrocer’s. Living in a city offers good job opportunities. Also, it provides good educational opportunities. Ali does not have a gift for music. Moreover, he lacks motivation to practice music. Therefore, he can’t become a good musician. Owning a car has some advantages. First, (Firstly, / First of all, / To begin with,) it gives you comfort. Secondly, it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you great freedom of movement. Apart from Citroen, we are the largest sports car manufacturer. As well as the costs, we are concerned by the competition. John loves working for that company because he has time to relax. What’s more, he gets a pay rise next year. CONCLUSION in summary in brief in short in conclusion to be brief to sum up all in all This is the National Football Team’s most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever; in short, it is a fiasco. Andrew had bad habits, cheated on his wife, and didn’t have a job. In conclusion, he was a terrible husband. REASON RESULT Some people are very stressed Children drink polluted water , so . As a result, . Consequently, . As a consequence, . For this reason, . Therefore, . That’s why, they may have health problems. they become ill and die. Stress Drinking polluted water can cause is the cause of leads to gives rise to results in is the reason for health problems. death among children. Some people may have health problems People become ill because since as they are very stressed. they drink polluted water. People have health problems Children become ill and die because of due to as a result of as a consequence of stress. drinking polluted water. CONTRAST although Although my mother is talkative, my father is quiet. My father is quiet although my mother is talkative. however My mother is talkative. However, my father is quiet. My mother is talkative; however, my father is quiet. on the other hand My mother is talkative. On the other hand, my father is quiet. but My mother is talkative, but my father is quiet.yet My mother is talkative, yet my father is quiet. different from My mother’s personality is different from my father’s personality. unlike Unlike my mother, my father is quiet. EXERCISES ON LINKING WORDS PART A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate linking words in the box. although because in fact in other words since finally however as well as It was a dark and a rainy night. It was 2 o’clock in the morning when my phone rang. A voice on the phone told me to get up immediately and come to the office. I was shocked at that moment; (1) in other words, I didn’t know what to do but anyway I got up and got dressed. While I was walking in the street, I felt creepy (2) because / since it was dark and cold. (3) Because / Since it was very late at night, there was nobody around. (4) Although I had put on a thick cardigan, I was feeling cold. (5) Finally, I came to the office at 2. 35 after a long walk. I was curious (6) as well as scared. (7) However, when I opened the door, all the lights went on and everybody shouted ‘Happy Birthday’. (8) In fact, it was a surprise birthday party for me. PART B: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate linking words in the box. to begin with since

myths and moundbuilders essays

myths and moundbuilders essays The extraordinary mounds found in the Midwest is home to many myths and stories of the Moundbuilders. The Moundbuilders mysteries reside around the Ohio and Illinois flatlands. Though this group of people have been wiped out for thousands of years now, many archeologists are fascinated with way of life. Their struggle to survive and how their culture functions are unique to no other. That is why many historians and archeologists are so amazed about the myths and stories of the moundbuilders. There are many stories that describe the way they lived, acted, and eventually wiped out from mankind. The stories began around the 1700s settlers around the area where the Moundbuilders lived. Many of the first stories that came out explained that they were not savage Indians but a civilized group of people. Even though evidence pointed toward the Indians. Scientists say that the Indians savagely attacked the Moundbuilders. Located in St. Louis, the most famous mound still stands. This mound stands over 100 feet high. Not only is it the highest mound, but also it is one of the oldest in history. It was home of the second group of moundbuilders. All societal events occurred on this enormous mound. The way the Moundbuilders survived was mainly based on the way they ate. Fish and fruits were the main source of food. Nuts was also a source of food. A motar and pestal was the equipment, much like Indians, they used the motar and pestal to crush their nuts. Harvesting occurred more than hunting. The Moundbuilders were more a civilized group than a savage group. The Moundbuilders were not really recognized in American culture. It is mostly historians and scientists that know about this group of people. Their way of life was very civilized in their time. It is amazing how they lived amongst Indians and regular people. Maybe they were wiped out because they were not tough enough to handle br ...

Franchthi Cave on the Mediterranean Sea

Franchthi Cave on the Mediterranean Sea Franchthi Cave is a very large cave, overlooking what is now a small inlet off the Aegean Sea in the southeastern Argolid region of Greece, near the modern town of Koiladha. The cave is the epitome of every archaeologists dreama site constantly occupied for thousands of years, with wonderful preservation of bones and seeds throughout. First occupied during the early Upper Paleolithic sometime between 37,000 and 30,000 years ago, Franchthi Cave was the site of human occupation, pretty much consistently up until about the final Neolithic Period about 3000 BC. Franchthi Cave and the Early Upper Paleolithic Franchthis deposits measured over 11 meters (36 feet) in thickness. The oldest layers (Stratum P-R in two trenches) belong to the Upper Paleolithic. A recent reanalysis and new dates on the oldest three levels was reported in the journal Antiquity in late 2011. Stratum R (40-150 cm thick), lower part is Aurignacian, upper part Gravettian, 28,000-37,000 cal BPStratum Q (5-9 cm), volcanic tephra representing ash from the Campanian Ignimbrite, Aurignacian lithic materials, rabbit and cat bones, 33,400-40,300 cal BP-Stratum P (1.5-2 meters thick), undistinguished lithic industry, poorly-preserved mammal bone, 34,000-41,000 cal BP The Campanian Ignimbrite (CI Event) is a volcanic tephra thought to have occurred from an eruption in the Phlegraean Fields of Italy which occurred ~39,000-40,000 years before the present (cal BP). Noted in many Aurignacian sites across Europe, notably at Kostenki. Shells of Dentalium spp, Cyclope neritea and Homolopoma sanguineum were were recovered from all three UP levels; some appear to be perforated. Calibrated dates on the shell (with consideration for the marine effect) are in roughly the correct chronostratigraphic sequence but vary between ca 28,440-43,700 years before the present (cal BP). See Douka et al for additional information. Significance of Franchthi Cave There are many reasons why Franchthi Cave is an important site; three of them are the length and period of occupation, the quality of preservation of the seed and bone assemblages, and the fact that it was excavated in modern times. Length and period of occupation. The site was occupied, more or less continuously, for about 25,000 years, during which time came the invention of agriculture and pastoralism. What that means is that changes that were wrought by these phenomenal leaps in human understanding can be traced at one place, by examining differences between different layers. Quality of preservation. In most of the layers excavated at Franchthi cave, remnants of animals and plants in the form of bone, shell, seed, and pollen were preserved. These kinds of artifacts have provided researchers with a wealth of information concerning diet and the course of domestication. Modern excavation techniques. Franchthi cave was excavated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, by the Universities of Indiana and Pennsylvania and the American School in Classical Studies at Athens. These researchers paid attention to stratigraphic layers, and kept much of the faunal and floral materials that would have been ignored or thrown aw ay in earlier times. Franchthi Cave was excavated under the direction of T.W. Jacobsen of Indiana University, between 1967 and 1979. Investigations since then have concentrated on the millions of artifacts recovered during the excavations. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Upper Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Deith MR, and Shackleton JC. 1988. The contribution of shells to site interpretation: Approaches to shell material from Franchthi Cave. In: Bintlinff JL, Davidson DA, and Grant EG, editors. Conceptual Issues in Environmental Archaeology. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press. p 49-58. Douka K, Perles C, Valladas H, Vanhaeren M, and Hedges REM. 2011. Franchthi Cave revisited: the age of the Aurignacian in south-eastern Europe. Antiquity 85(330):1131-1150. Jacobsen T. 1981. Franchthi Cave and the beginnings of settled village life in Greece. Hesperia 50:1-16. Shackleton JC. 1988. Marine molluscan remains from Franchthi Cave. Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Shackleton JC, and van Andel TH. 1986. Prehistoric shore environments, shellfish availability, and shellfish gathering at Franchthi, Greece. Geoarchaeology 1(2):127-143. Stiner MC, and Munro ND. 2011. On the evolution of diet and landscape during the Upper Paleolithic through Mesolithic at Franchthi Cave (Peloponnese, Greece). Journal of Human Evolution 60(5):618-636.

Leisure Sleuth Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leisure Sleuth Paper - Essay Example to believe that perhaps this person got involved in a more serious relationship in which she didn’t have the time or interest in writing things down. There are some pizza take-out menus for a local hangout lying around. There are several books on the shelf, many philosophical or fictional in nature—Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse, On the Road by Jack Kerouac, The Iceman Cometh (a play), and various works by Latina women. The environment is somewhat chaotic and this person looks like she is a bit messy, but perhaps that is because so much of her time is taken up by a busy schedule. Based on the clues described above, there are several conclusions that can be drawn about the person who lives there. This is the person’s room. It is obvious that she has several interests, some of which obviously must have been left on the side since the tennis racket looks like it has dust on its cover. Other priorities seem to have taken over her life. The art in the closet suggests that this person is a daydreamer who wants to achieve many things in life but perhaps is not as organized as she would like. In addition,†¨it seems that her itinerant disorganization may be holding her back from having the most efficient life that she could live. She loves beauty, beautiful things, and values looking good—as there is evidence that all kinds of clothes, makeup, and jewelry are lying around the room. Perhaps she fears being alone or ugly or homeless. Obviously she is a hard worker because she doesn’t have a lot of time to spend on house chores. The space says that this person’s personality is very vibrant and alive. This person engages in passive leisure, and could greatly improve her lifestyle if she sat down and thought about what her goals were in life, and then avidly targeted those. This person obviously needs to have better time management, but other than that, it seems like she leads a very ideal life. She doesn’t seem to have a want for anything, and has

Literature Review to prove that Housing the Homeless is Cheaper than Essay

Literature Review to prove that Housing the Homeless is Cheaper than Leaving Them on The Streets - Essay Example However, counties and cities affiliated with a campaign identified as the 100,000 Homes movement have so far succeeded to take 80,000 of the families off the streets. Regional governments and NGOs do most of the job. (Portal.hud.gov, 2014)The money they use is mostly gotten from existing private donations and federal programs, and there is proof that this method saves taxpayer funds. A former prison in Colorado was recently converted into a homeless shelter. This move is not only benefit to the homeless but also to the taxpayer, as well. (Portal.hud.gov, 2014) In southeastern Colorado, the Fort Lyon Correctional Facility had housed prisoners until it was closed down in 2011 due to budget cuts. (Affairs, 2014) It stayed dormant for two years as the lawmakers debated on how the building was to be used (Portal.hud.gov, 2014). They decided on the creation of a $3.9 million project to reopen the Facility as a homeless shelter that would house 200 people majority of who were veterans. Although many conservatives may balk at the cost an urban-focused media outlet, Next City, makes and excellent and valid point. Even when not considering factors such as humane treatment and dignity, it is by far cheaper for taxpayers to shelter homeless people than to leave them out on the streets. Approximately 60% of the homeless people are drug and alcohol addicts while about 30% suf fer from very serious medical conditions. (Portal.hud.gov, 2014)Due to these increased medical conditions it is evident that leaving them in the streets is more dangerous as chances of contracting diseases is higher compared to them being in a shelter. (Cbsnews.com, 2014) More evidence to support this theory comes from the county of Los Angeles. Researchers concluded a comprehensive evaluation of a years-long campaign to shelter members of Los Angeles’ chronic homeless population dubbed Project 50. (Cbsnews.com, 2014) The program cost

Africa’s growing concern Essay Example for Free

Africa’s growing concern Essay Whoever ignites the flames of hate has succeeded considerably. Hatred has become a way of life for many people around the world. People envy other people and create hatred to those of better lives. But no human being is prepared for what the African continent actually reveals. The persecution of unwanted individuals is prevalent in this part of the earth. Poverty hounds Africa no end. The life there is very hard and disturbing. The place is filled with chaos and turmoil. No stability is in sight. The entire world is currently alarmed over the high incidence of death within its population. Countries over the years have pledged support to the stagnant economy of the African nation. All means of contribution have been given to the poor continent. But in spite of the continued aid, there seems to be no hope of rising within the nation. Africa has shoved itself into a hole so deep that the possibility of becoming buried is never a remote idea in the future. Men, women and children agonize over their situations. Food and resources are hard to come by. Thousands die of starvation annually. But more than that, countless people become victims of unnecessary violence. World leaders and governments around the globe have, time and again, met and discuss the events in Africa numerous times. Like a disease, the social demise of its population has been a primary concern for many nationalities worldwide. People are dying every minute. The media has played a vital role in revealing the abuses and brutalities of people. All eyes are focused on this place where individuals have disregarded the value of human life. The carnage continues, and will continue unless a swift and effective solution will be unveiled. There is a sense of urgency for the world’s leading governments to address the destruction of human dignity in Africa. However, in spite of the launching of countless humanitarian missions to solve the nation’s woes, death and suffering lingers on. Billions have been spent on relief operations but the social problem remains undefeated. The casualty toll piles up. The killing spree goes unsuppressed. And the rest of the world watches dumbfounded. It only shows that governments and its people are not doing enough to find answers to the African problem. Although food and the lack of basic needs is the primary concern among the African people, it is violence that must be silenced. Several decades of gun running and smuggling within the continent have only brought death to many citizens. As long as the armaments keep on coming, peace will remain to be an elusive and distant dream. The social instability in the African nation is about power. Individuals and their clans grapple for control. Gaining that momentum to hold every move in the tumultuous society means having the arms and weapons to subject everyone to their every word. The world is stretching its influence into every corner of the continent. But sadly, the troubled nation drives off the chance and rare opportunity to rebuild its communities. It is ironic that a very poor place can summon the strength to annihilate all intervening parties out of their motherland. Events are bleak. The panic button has been set. But with all the dangers and the deaths, Africans have little regard for the needs of their nation. Women and children go elsewhere to find peace. War escalates and the streets are stained with blood. If the world is keen on finding the answers to the growing social menace in Africa, analysts should dig deeper to gain a full and total understanding of the situation among its people. The United Nations must be aware to the motives and intentions of the African people. All along, the entire globe has only addressed the needs of the poor continent. The real reason for the chaos remains undetermined, and therefore, unsolved. Turmoil will continue to rob the African nation of its dream of peace and stability. With a disorganized crowd and a selfish government, senseless killings and looting will be around for a long time.

Government and Politics - We Need Election Reform in America Essay

"Knowledge will forever govern ignorance, and a people who mean to be their own governors, must arm themselves with the power knowledge gives. A popular government without popular information or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy or perhaps both." -- James Madison ("Focus" 1) The United States has strived to be a true democracy, a place in which the citizens are free to govern themselves, since its inception. For a democracy to work, the citizens must remain knowledgeable and elections must remain unbiased. Our current system of electing presidents fails in both of these regards: citizens are only given two choices that stand any chance of winning and their decisions between those two candidates are influenced not by knowledge, but instead by what they have seen on thirty second television commercials. In order to break up the complete political monopoly the Democrat and Republican Parties have on the United States, we as Americans need to reform our presidential elections so that third party and independent candidates have a legitimate chance of holding offices and so that citizens are able to vote on the candidates based on their political beliefs rather than on their ability to fundraise and advertise. Similar reforms should be made to the elections fo r other offices as well at the federal, state and local levels. The ideas and arguments presented in this paper can be applied to American elections in general although, because of the small scope of this paper, they only speak of the presidential elections. A candidate cannot legitimately compete in modern American elections without being able to finance a huge television advertising campaign. Commercials have become an integral part of our... ...Democrats and Republicans hold in this country would allow candidates with fresh ideas and new ways of dealing with old problems to take office. Through these new representatives, our government will become healthier and better able to adapt to today's changing political environment. Sources Cited Basham, Patrick. "The Illiberal Reality of European-Style Campaign Reform." http://www.cato.org/dailys/03-13-02.html. Donnis, Ian. "In Whose Interest?" http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/other_stories/multi-page/documents/02552297.htm. Targonski, Rosalie. http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/archive/elect00/primer.htm. "Focus - Freedom of Press and Information." http://usembassy.state.gov/islamabad/wwwhircalert0702.html Associated Press. http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/e1598.htm. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/results/.

Executive Summary of Starbucks

SUMMARY OF â€Å"Howard Schultz : Building Starbucks Community† This text speaks about Howard Schultz and how he built a Starbucks Community. * Early Years This man was the oldest of three children in a modest family of Brooklyn. Indeed, his father combined 3 different jobs to support his family. His mother was a homemaker who transmits her values to her children. She was a strong-willed person who wants a good future for her children with the respect of these values. Her dearest wish was that all go to college. Howard, who believes in the American dream, felt that he had to plan his own future because he didn’t want to stay in Brooklyn.Indeed, he met many different people who came from different backgrounds. He said that â€Å"Diversity isn’t something I had to learn. I lived it†. It’s a point which influenced his future behavior. During his teenage, Howard and his father clashed often. He will realize later that sometimes you learn lessons, but yo u don’t realize them in the moment. But at the time he thought that his father could have accomplished so much more if only he had tried. This natural leadership ability stood out in the schoolyard. The Sport’s domain was the example.Indeed, it allows him to have a scholarship until University in Northern Michigan. After graduating, Schultz made a sales trainee in New-York in Xerox. Despite a good income, he didn’t like this job for several reasons: This Company was too bureaucratic, strict and rigid and he didn’t have a voice. Finally, he didn’t find a link between this company and his values. * Creating Starbucks Howard had already works in the field of coffee. So one day, he was encountered Starbucks Coffee and was very sensitive to the product and the business.He said that he felt he had discovered a whole new continent. After that, he joined Starbucks as a director of operations and marketing. He saw the enormous growth potential of this Compa ny especially in the gourmet and food markets. He realized that during a trip to Italy. Indeed, he noticed the unique community experience that Milanese espresso bars played in their customers’ daily lives. He will be based on this model to launch his own business: Il Giornale. This business was a chain of espresso cafes from Starbucks in downtown Seattle. It had three locations but had not yet turned a profit.So for answer to this problem, Schultz planned to consolidate the new company with the name of Starbucks Corporation. Indeed, this name was so known by customers. But the development of this business wasn’t so simple. The first in which Schultz has faced was the following: One of these original investors proposed to purchase Starbucks instead, on terms that would have dramatically diluted his stake and that of his other investors. Furthermore, investors put pressure on Schultz’s head. They said â€Å"If you don’t take this deal, you’ll never work in this town again. You’ll never raise another dollar.You’ll be dog meat†. As a leader, Howard Schultz didn’t renounced. He prepared an alternative plan cancelled the dilution and he managed. * Growing Starbucks The father’s death of Howard Schultz has completely changed his state of mind. He realized that his father’s life wasn’t the same as hers. In those days there was no health insurance and no workmen’s compensation. So, he decided to make Starbucks the first American company to provide access to health coverage for qualified employees. Indeed, this event is directly linked to the culture and the values of Starbucks.He wanted to build the king of company that his father never had a chance to work for, where you would be valued and respected no matter where you came from, the color of your skin, or your lever of education. He wanted to build a company that linked shareholder value to the cultural values that he created with the other employees of the company. The original business plan of Starbucks provided 125 new stores in five year. In the first year, the company had already open 15 stores in Northwest cities with a strong coffee culture. The growth was running.And for continue at this pace, Schultz recruited Howard Behar, an executive 10 years his senior who had 25 years of retail experience. His assignment was to innovate in response to customer requests and develop the customer experience. In an other hand, Starbucks focused its attention into values and culture of the stores, reasoning that satisfied and happy baristas made for satisfied customers. For continuing in this way, Schultz was aware that growth is intoxicating and seductive but also that it covers up a tremendous amount of mistakes.To solve this problem, he shared power with others. Indeed, Schultz & Behar wanted to stay in the way of their values so they decided to codify the values in the company mission and values statement. It’s important for the two leaders to sharing the culture of the company in each Starbucks stores. This is what distinguishes this company from others and allows it to continuing growth. For reach this goal, there were two key: The first was to hire people with like-minded values and the second was to reinforce the values and culture of the company.The expansion of Starbucks making this own language into a common usage (like â€Å"latte†, â€Å"half-caf†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). Schultz was also proud of making difficult choices to pass up certain growth opportunities and to stay focused. The new way adopted by Starbucks was to explore marketing carefully selected. For example, they were experimenting to combined music and coffee stores and other entertainment ventures. It was a success. * Staying Grounded As an entrepreneur, Schultz should be irreproachable. For being that, he should learn several things like to manage vulnerability and doubt.But for understand him; there were n’t a lot of people. So he decided to talk with Warren Bennis, a widely respected leadership and with a rabbi, during a trip in Israel, where he had learned about the power of humility. These lessons helped Howard to understand that success is best when it’s shared and be better in his business. * Whither Starbucks†¦ and Schultz? The hope of Howard Schultz is that Starbucks can be a model for building a company the right way. Especially he wants that the size of the company can’t erase the integrity.It’s an illustration of the state of mind of Schultz. He took advantage of every opportunity for delivering his message like in leadership conferences for his store managers in which he focus on people and the human connection, not on numbers. He also focused on the consumer especially on customer experience. The brand wants to have a big place in customer’s life because it pretends that it wants to be the â€Å"third place in customers’ li ves between the home and the office. For that, Starbuck offers a global range from coffee to CD’s with the music that you can find in Starbucks stores.To combine these two ambitions, Starbucks responds to customer demand which is: Hungry for humanity and authenticity. * The Schultz E-mail After the big success of Starbucks, Howard Schultz was worried about one important thing for him: With the growth, Starbucks could lose the personal feeling of the neighborhood coffeehouse which Howard Schultz wanted to create. Indeed, at his arrival, his goal was to develop Starbucks as a model company including financial performance and mainly the respect of the human relationship. But this ambition wasn’t simple to apply in the reality.Indeed, Starbucks had become the fastest growing chain in the history of retailing: The brand began with three stores in Seattle for reach, twenty years ago, 40,000 outlets worldwide. This phenomenal expansion allows Starbucks to engage in competitio n with the big company like McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts. Despite this success in financially field, a question for Schultz was essential: Had Starbucks lost its soul in the process of becoming a global brand? For having an answer, Schultz decided to send an E-mail to Jim Donald, Starbucks new CEO, with copies to members of the executive team.In his mail, Schultz explained his point of view about the situation of Starbucks at this moment. He said that the growth had not a good effect in the customer experience. He described Starbucks with the sterility and the uniformity of store decor. The turnover is the first priority than the small coffee heritage of the brand and compromised the â€Å"passion for coffee†. He send this mail and waited the response of the senior team. Schultz ’memo was published on â€Å"Starbucks Gossip†, a web site about Starbucks, the experiences and opinions of the customers and employees. So, we could find some rumors in this about the co mpany.But when the memo was public, the corporate communication had tried to manage the crisis and the solution was to post a confirmation that the memo was authentic. For keeping a good image, Starbucks decided to position this memo as a new way of the company. Indeed, it explained that Starbucks â€Å"reinventing itself, saying it reflected the company’s philosophy that ongoing success was not automatically a given†. It created a buzz on Internet and in Press. The Wall Street Journal dedicated an article about Schultz’s memo with 1,500 words and some blogs like â€Å"BusinessWeek. om†, â€Å"Bloomberg. com†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ * Joe Nocera’s Challenge The buzz continued two weeks later when the business journalist for New York Times, Joe Nocera, wrote an article about Howard Schultz in his column â€Å"Talking Business†. He focused his attention on the two personalities of Schultz. So the name of article was â€Å"Two Howard Schultz†. Fir st, he described Schultz as a sensitive man who is attached on human’s values in his company with health assurance for employees, and coffee experience for customers. The article speaks about the huge social responsibility program established by Schultz.But in a second time, he described a face completely different of Howard Schultz. For him, Schultz was a businessman who thinks about profit, benefit and growth so an aggressive competitor. For Nocera, Schultz’s aim was to grow as soon as possible by making the best financial result. For illustrating this, he collected some testimonials of Schultz’s colleagues who said: â€Å"Mr. Schultz is an enormously competitive businessman† for example. An other colleague told an anecdote: â€Å"Howard said that they would never serve food. He thought it would dilute the experience. †¦) For Starbucks, there was always going to be a limit to how much coffee it could sell in any one location, so to goose same-stor e sales, it began selling food†. All these testimonies supported the thesis that Howard Schultz was a man who wanted a quickly growth with a big profit. His first face was just a disguise to hide his true nature as Nocera. After having made an opposition between the two faced of Schultz, the journalist concluded that there was in reality only one Howard Schultz and the two things he wanted were â€Å"incompatible†.Finally, after this event, Schultz analyzed the situation and some questions arrived: Was it possible to have it both ways, or were growth and authenticity incompatible? Starbucks pursue such aggressive global growth and remain the unique local coffeehouse that attracted customers in the first place? We can see that these issues were in link with the first ambition of Howard Schultz†¦ So we can ask us if this ambition was really feasible or if Schultz has failed to achieve his goal. One thing was certain: The issue wasn’t going to go away

Assess Different Sociological Explanations of SuicideAnomie Essay

Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess different sociological explanations of suicide. (21 marks) Suicide is the  intentional  taking  of  one’s  own  life and sociologists over the years have tried to put forward various explanations for why someone may do this. Within sociology there are many different views on suicide on the causes and explanations for it, these come from two main methodologies which are Positivists who believe that sociology is a science and they should aim to make causal laws on suicide rates, compared to Interpretivists who believe that they should look for meaning behind occurrences and certain individuals experiences before the suicide. Other perspectives also put in their views on what they believe to explain suicide for example, Realists. Item A references to Durkheim’s Structural Functionalist view on suicide, as stated Durkheim believes that due to sociology being a science with the topic of suicide it is very easy to make causal laws or as said in Item A ‘social facts’. Due to the fact Durkheim believed that there were a number of causes behind suicide he form four types of suicide from a Positivist viewpoint. Egoistic suicide which is when individuals are not integrated well enough into society for example people who live alone compared to those who live with family. Secondly Altruistic suicide which is when individuals are felt to be too integrated into society causing suicide, for example members of the armed forces were said to have greater suicide rates than civilian personnel as they were too strongly integrated into a united body. Durkheim also put forward the idea of Anomic suicide, this is when the norms and values in society become unclear or confused in times of great social change and an individual is not taught to adapt to changes well enough. For example an unexpected death of a family member is sudden social change which can cause Anomic suicide. Lastly, he suggested Fatalistic suicide. Fatalism is the thinking of the individual that they can do nothing to affect their situation and individuals find their future blocked and oppressed due to society over regulating them. For example slaves and prisoners may have this mindset when they take their own lives. Durkheim said that his work on suicide had several merits as it correctly revealed that suicide is a social rather than psychological occurrence and proved his methodology that you can establish laws and show that sociology is a science. However his theory on suicide has been met with some criticism. Douglas claimed that Durkheim’s work relied too heavily on the use of official statistics on suicide and he incorrectly assumed that these were representative of the real truth. Douglas notes that official statistics are socially produced and can be distorted in many ways, for example via concealment and varying definitions of suicide by coroners meaning that the validity of the statistics is doubted. So Douglas himself put forward an explanation for suicide. Douglas adopted a Symbolic Interactionist perspective, along with a interpretive methodology which is opposite to that of Durkheim. Some would argue that Douglas selected to look at suicide as an area of investigation as he thought it would illustrate the beliefs of Interactionists and highlight the short comings of the Structural Functionalists positivist approach. Douglas used psychiatrists reports and newspaper accounts to come up with his four patterns of social meaning for suicide and within his study he took a very subjective approach looking at meaning and motives. In Douglas’ view suicide could be due to four reasons, the first to gain release from the cares of the world to find happiness, to change the opinion of others in the suicides favour, to achieve a state of fellow feeling creating a climate of sympathy or to simply get revenge towards those who are causing pain towards them. Douglas believed that his work highlighted that suicide is a rational act rather than an automatic response to the environment as people are active not passive, and also to show that sociology is not a science and we should look into meanings over statistics. Obviously this was highly criticised by Structural Functionalists such as Durkheim who believed that Douglas’ work was too unscientific and that he incorrectly assumed that the nature of man is active rather than passive. Another sociologist who takes an Interpretivist methodology is Atkinson, believing that social meaning and context is more important in finding root causes. However unlike Douglas, Atkinson is a Ethnomethodologist which has a central belief of showing that each individual use their own members methods to work out what they see. This is why Atkinson decided to study suicide, also to show how official statistics are not enough. Atkinson focused on a Coroner’s report and underwent participant observation at an office to see what methods they used to decide whether a death was suicide or not. Atkinson stated that they used ‘common sense’ theories of suicide so if certain information were to fit the theories it would be called a suicide. They would look at clues to help decided, Atkinson named a few to which he believed was important within their decisions. Firstly was there a suicide note left, this clearly is a big clue to whether or not the individual meant to kill themselves. Secondly how did the individual die as certain ways such as hanging point towards suicide, also the location of the body, usually if it is hidden away out of sight then the person is indicating that they did not want to be found. Finally did the individual have any past mental illnesses or life history that could lead them towards suicide. Atkinson therefore stated that a suicide verdict reflects the assumptions and interpretation of the clues by the coroner rather than reality and facts. Atkinson’s study was said to have some merits as it did identify what clues coroners use to arrive at a suicide verdict, but also shows that positivists use of quantative data such as official statistics is not valid as they are produced by coroners who base the label of suicide on their own social assumptions. Hindess put forward a criticism for both Douglas and Atkinson, arguing that although Interpretive researchers have maintained that suicide statistics can be misleading they haven’t stated to what extent they distort people’s ideas, so therefore it may only be slight and still be possible to make accurate causal laws from a Positivist viewpoint. Taylor has put forward his view on suicide, taking a Realist approach which is very different from the explanations already stated. Taylor has tried to combine both Interpretivist and Positivist methodologies to come to a verdict on suicide. Taylor underwent a study on the London Underground and people who had died from falling underneath a train asserting that causal factors are important in considering suicide especially that of significant others such as family. In his investigation over half of the 32 who had died were said to have committed suicide although they were no actual evidence, coroners just based this on history of mental illness. Ignoring such factors of suicide and focusing on coroners is unrealistic, so looking at causal factors is from Taylor’s view a valid approach. But it is also important to gain a fuller understanding of suicide by finding a synthesis between the causes of the occurrence which is the Structural Functionalist side but also the exploration of the social meanings behind it, showing the Interactionist approach. Taylor therefore identified a category for suicide which is Sacrifice suicide, where it has occurred by the conduct of other people towards the suicide, for example family members have made the individuals life so unbearable this is the only way out. An advantage of Taylor’s approach to suicide is that it attempts to show how both positivist and interpretive methods are useful in trying to understand suicide, however certain sociologist have criticised it for being too one sided. It has been stated that Taylor focused more on the Interactionist failing to achieve ‘Structuralism’. Another criticism from Durkheim is that Taylor’s cause of suicide that he put forward seems unimportant compared to the large scale of the structural causes central concern such as sudden social change which is a more widespread reason. To conclude many sociologists have differing views to try to explain suicide and why they think individuals do take their own lifes, however these are just theories because no one will ever know the real root cause of why someone has ended their lives unless they leave a note explaining why and in many causes this does not happen.

Production Planning and Quality Management

Production Planning and Quality Management Free Online Research Papers An ERP system is a software package that attempts to integrate all data and processes of a company into one unified system. A typical system will use multiple components of hardware and software to achieve its goal. An MRP system is a software based planning and inventory control system that is used to manage certain manufacturing processes. An MRP should ensure proper amounts of materials and products are available, keep inventory as low as possible and plan manufacturing and purchasing activities and delivery schedules. Manychip should go with a MRP utility because their short term contracts, land the rapidly changing IT environment lends itself to low levels of in-stock products. The chips they make change rapidly and keeping large amounts of stock would no be feasible. Though MRP is an inflexible system some of it’s disadvantages will work at Manychip. The advantages of an ERP System are many and the one that stands out the most is its ease of use. This is a very user friendly type of system that requires minimum training to gain maximum efficiency from the software. An ERP system also introduces: Business best practices which helps provide greater control and standardized the way businesses perform their day to day processes, Ready-made solutions for the most common problems and Enterprise wide information sharing so everyone can see the same information from any computer in the company. Another thing that makes an ERP system so great is the fact that its made to be used â€Å"right out of the box† requiring only minor customization to fit a company’s particular requirements. Also, companies only have to enter information once into their database for all departments to be able to access what they need. This actually leads into another advantage of the ERP system and that is time reduction for task completion. Since all departments now have computerized access to information and are able to retrieve it quickly they are able to improve their times for decision-making. This all leads to the final advantage of the ERP system and that is increased customer satisfaction. The paper-based system often caused delays, lost orders and errors in processing due to so many hands being â€Å"in the cookie jar.† An ERP system, allows for quick movement of orders through each department with no in-basket to hold up the order. Even with all of it’s advantages, an ERP system does have it’s disadvantages such as the length of time it takes to implement the program, six months to 3 years in some instances. There are also major cost associated with this new system. The software and implementation phase can cost from $400,000 to $300 million with the average cost being $15 million. After this a company will be hit with costs ranging from training and customization, testing and implementation to data conversion and analysis. In the end the benefits will greatly outweigh the costs but, until then there will be a considerable bill for training and implementation. One advantage of an MRP system is its ability to keep inventory under control. This is good because lower levels of in-stock products mean that the company isn’t incurring charges for it to be stored. The biggest disadvantage to an MRP system is the integrity of the data. If there are any errors in the system your production schedule and output will be wrong. Another problem that many companies have with an MRP is the fact that the user must specify how long it will take to produce a product and it assumes that this lead time will be the same for every product, every time it is made and will not automatically change if the quantity changes. Finally, the other major problem with MRP is that it can and will give results that are very much impossible to implement however, MRP II takes care of most of this problem because it integrates the financials into its database. E-Z MRP was on my candidate list but, I discarded it because it was for very small businesses and it’s capabilities did not fit in with Manychip. Another package I really considered for a while was Sage Pro. It had everything that Manychip needed but, it was more of an ERP system than a MRP system. However, Merlin MRP Factory is geared for the IT manufacturing industry. This program is a new generation of software that manages ever level of your resource planning. The heart of this MRP is its ability to rapidly calculate shortages for all or just a selection of your production jobs. Merlin also allows the user to see all of their scheduled shop floor jobs, activites and work-station analysis at a glance with a simple color coding system. This color system also gives you the ability to quickly see jobs that are due and/or late. Merlin is fully customizable to fit any company’s exact needs with two programs that can be set-up on-site with installation and training done on premises. This means that when Merlin is handed over to you it is fully up and running with a well trained staff ready to take the reigns. Bolt-ons, ERP/SOA Resource Center. 06-18-2006. army.mil/ESCC/erp/bolt.htm. Retrieved 06-06-2007. ERPortal. Erp Advantages. bus.ucf.edu/awu/erp/pros.htm. Retrieved 06-06-2007. ERP. Enterprise Recourse Planning. March 25, 2003. http://people.clarkson.edu/~walczukj/ERP2.html#coursework. Retrieved 06-06-2007. INFOR, Focus on Essentials. Material Requirements Planning (MRP). 2007. lillysoftware.com/software_solution/manufacturing/material_requirement_planning_MRP.asp. Retrieved 06-06-2007. Merlin MRP Software for Manufacturing Plants and Job Shops. merlin-mrp-software.co.uk/. Retrieved 06-06-2007. Research Papers on Production Planning and Quality ManagementOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasStandardized TestingMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Top 7 Ways to Beat the Heat and Stay Cool During the Summer

Top 7 Ways to Beat the Heat and Stay Cool During the Summer The blazing heat of the summer is tough on our bodies. If you don’t have the luxury of staying indoors where your AC is blasting on high, then you know how hard it can be to stay cool during the summer months. Most of us need to work, so there is no escaping the brutal summer heat. But don’t let the heat stop you. There are ways you can beat the heat and stay cool without sacrificing your sanity. Here are the top 10 ways you can beat the heat and stay cool:7. Drink more waterThis may seem like a no brainer, but you’d be surprised at just how many people do not drink enough water during the day. To be safe, you should follow the 8 by 8 rule which states that you should drink eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid a day.6. Take precautions to avoid excessive sweatI live in New York City. So I know how bad it is to be standing on a hot subway platform while sweating like a mad man. It’s brutal. There are tricks you can use to counter excessive sweating. You can try p utting on deodorant the night before. Your sweat glands are more active in the morning which causes your deodorant to be less effective.5. Get a portable fanThe other day I bought a portable fan that sprays mist into your face while fanning you. What a time to be alive. Get yourself one of these babies and take them with you on those scorching hot days.4. Avoid eating hot foodsA few weeks ago, I went to a nice little Korean place and got the soup. Bad decision. Since it’s already hot outside, eating anything hot will only amplify the effects of the heat. You definitely do not want to go down that road.3. Exercise comfortablyMy personal recommendation is to get a gym membership and avoid exercising in the heat. But if that’s not something that is possible, then there are alternative exercises such as swimming and various other water sports that can definitely get the job done.2. Sleep on top of a wet sheet or clothSleeping in the heat is the absolute worst because it of ten prevents you from getting the proper rest that you need in order to function the next day. If you’re trying to save money on your electric bill, you can try sleeping on a wet sheet or cloth. You’ll be able to remain cool even in the sweltering heat.1. Know your body’s best cooling pointsFinally, if you’re trapped in the heat and aren’t able to find a cooler place, then you can apply an ice pack, or cold towel to your cooling points. This can include wrists, forehead, etc. By knowing your cooling points, you’ll be able to cool yourself off faster and more effectively.Source: [Lifehacker]

Depression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Depression - Research Paper Example If there was one word that could be used as an umbrella term to cover all the feelings resulting from depression that would be â€Å"hopelessness†. Depression is a serious disorder but can be treated if adequate measures are taken in time without delay. Learning about the potential causes, signs and symptoms of depression is indeed, the very first step in the way towards its resolution, treatment and prevention. What is depression? Depression is essentially an illness which affects and takes control of an individual’s mood, thoughts and the whole body. Under the influence of depression, an individual becomes pessimistic in his/her approach towards himself/herself and his/her eating and sleeping habits are particularly affected. Many people suffering from depression take eating as a means to escape depression. In their attempt to relieve their tension, they seek refuge in the taste of food. The resulting overeating makes them gain weight and many end up becoming obese. W here food intake is increased, there is a significant decrease in the amount of sleep. People suffering from depression either can not sleep or have nightmares when they sleep. They are haunted by ferocious dreams which interrupt the sleep. It is not possible for an individual that has a depressive disease to â€Å"pull himself/herself together† and start feeling better. ... There are four major kinds of depression, namely major depression, atypical depression, dysthemia, and seasonal affective disorder. They are explained below: 1. Major depression Thus type of depression is largely characterized by an individual’s lack of tendency to feel pleasure in life. The lack of enjoyment is persistent and uninterrupted. This makes the depression aggravate with the passage of time. However, even if no treatment is taken, major depression usually occupies the patient for 6 months. Most of the people experience a single episode of depression in their whole life. The disorder is generally recurring but there are medicines and treatment to minimize the recurrence. In the West, major depression is the No. 1 psychological disorder in the contemporary age (clinical-depression.co.uk, 2011) which is increasing among all communities and age groups, particularly among the youth. It is estimated that by 2020, major depression will be the second most disabling disorder in addition to the heart disease. In order to fight major depression, most patients resort to the use of antidepressants. They are undoubtedly effective in providing an individual with immediate relief, though they do little to guarantee the individual depression free life. 2. Atypical depression It is essentially a subtype of the major depression. Atypical depression is characterized by a particular symptom pattern that is inclusive of a temporal shift in mood as a result of positive events. An individual suffering from atypical depression feels good when he/she hears good news or when he/she hangs out with peers or friends. Nonetheless, the temporary emotional boost is ephemeral. The potential symptoms of atypical depression include but are not limited to increase of

English & Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English & Literature - Essay Example They have developed a notion of utopia, an idealistic thinking in a way reflecting significance of the world being a perfect place. The community uses English as the primary language of communication among them. This is because the original population came from different regions of the world speaking different primary languages. English is the superior language in the U.S. As such, they adopted the language for ease in communication. The language is a symbol of unity and togetherness among the community members. Through the language, the community identifies themselves and their social background as being a perfect place to stay in the world. The near homogeneity of English within the community renders other languages inferior and the speakers experience a sense of isolation. This on the other hand asserts that only the superior speakers would feel the likely benefits accrued from English-speaking. Despite cultural diversity existing among different races within the region, the community tends to embrace a uniform perspective of socio-cultural ties attributed largely by the shared English language. For instance, the community members embrace a range of traditional foods and

Jews of Spain relationship with Islamic and Arabic Culture Assignment

Jews of Spain relationship with Islamic and Arabic Culture - Assignment Example Islamic â€Å"tolerance† had made living under the Muslims’ power more attractive choice than to live under the Christian one in North Europe. â€Å"Tolerance† meant that though Jews of Spain were considered as â€Å"a second-class†, they had some rights and servitudes. â€Å"Jews were allowed to live securely in their autonomous communities and to develop: they were not fossils† (Cohen 31). That kind of order comes from Qur’an where it’s told, that Jews like Christians were â€Å"People of the Book†, and as they worshiped one God, Muslims must stay tolerant to them while they obey some Muslim rules. For example, it was forbidden to build new houses of worship, and for a Jewish man to marry a Muslim woman; it was required to wear different cloth from Muslims and some positions (as in government or other authoritative positions) were forbidden to be held by Jews; and Jews ought to pay taxis etc. (Cohen 32). Most of the Jews had a ccepted these rules and their inequality and subordination in exchange of living without constant persecutions Jews in North Europe suffered. Other social positions and jobs were open to Jews under the Muslim power, like in marketplace and trades, or medicine; Jews were craftsmen etc. â€Å"Jews mixed freely with their Muslim counterparts, even forming partnerships† (Cohen 32-33). Frequently Jews even â€Å"served the government in official capacities† (Stefon 61). Mark R. Cohen says, the described type of relationships explains why Jews were so open to Arab-Islamic cultural influence (34). Another reason to communicate deeply with the Arabic culture was its connection to the great philosophical and science heritage of Greeks. Most of the texts were written in Arabian, so through the Arabic culture there was a way to a new knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, political theory, aesthetics etc. (Stefon 62). So Arabic style was associated with a good taste and Jews along with the Muslims â€Å"enjoyed a cultural

A History Of Indian Tourism

A History Of Indian Tourism There are a number of industries that play a pivotal role in the development of nations. Tourism being one such industry that has emerged as the largest global industry in the 20th century and is projected to grow even faster during the current century. Tourism when taken in its true sense has following characteristics; Resource based industry and consumes resources Creates waste Specific infrastructure needs All the characters are linked to the social fabric of the host community. It has social, cultural and environmental impacts with a possibility of over consumption. The conceptual structure of the project aims to investigate the problems and advantages of home stay tourism in Kerala, from an owners perspective. In this section the researcher attempts to explore the areas such as; History of Indian tourism Background of Kerala Definition of tourism Sustainable tourism Community based tourism Homestay tourism Tourist motivation Tourist satisfaction Relevant research History of Indian Tourism India is a centre of two ancient civilizations of the world called the Indus valley civilization, and the Aryan civilization. Tourism development in India started in the early sixties. By that time most of the other countries have achieved a remarkable progress in this area and has exploited to maximum possible extent. The best way to introduce India as a tourist destination to foreigners is that India is a country of all seasons and all reasons. Indias tourism resources have always been considered immense. The geographical features are diverse, colorful and varied. As such the resource potential is so much that it can cater to all kinds and tastes of tourists. India has an ancient tradition of tourism. It existed as an industry in the informal sector in ancient times and was indulged in by all classes of people. Mark Twain aptly remarked about India on India [National Tourism Policy 2002] that India is one country that is endowed with an imperishable interest for alien prince and alien peasant, for the lettered and the ignorant, the wise and the fool, the rich and the poor, the bonded and the free one land that all men desire to see and once seen, by even a glimpse, would not give the glimpse for all the shows of all the rest of the globe combined. The unity of India lies in its diversity people bound together by centuries of common traditions, faith and philosophy [Pran Nath, Sushma 1993]. Indian tourism industry has recorded a phenomenal growth especially from 1990s in terms of both international and domestic tourists arrivals [Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006]. The ministry of Indian tourism has launched a new programme called Athithi Devo Bhavah which means guest is god. The inspiration behind this expression is to respect because; respect has always been an essential part of Indian soul. Tourism, which is the third largest foreign exchange earner in India, has started gaining prominence to the public agenda only in recent years. Many countries in the world are relying on tourism as one of the fastest growing sectors. In the Chief Ministers conference held on October 2001 [National Tourism Policy 2002] the Prime Minister of India, Shri. Atal Bihari Vajpayee had stated that Tourism is a major phenomenon of economic growth in major parts of the world. Many countries have transformed their economies using the tourism potential the fullestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦tourism has the potential to create different types of employment in various sectors from the most specialized to the unskilled and what India needs is the generation of massive productive employment opportunities . Tourism in India has a strong relevance to economic development and employment generation. It creates huge employment opportunities, provides equitable distribution of wealth, helps to acquire the much needed foreign exchange, brings out a speedy development and improvement of infrastructural facilities. Developing countries have given a special importance for the development of tourism, for it is the main source of earning foreign exchange, thereby the economic status of the country goes up [Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006]. Tourism is one of the few industries which generates high levels of economic output, with minimum investments and has immense socioeconomic development potential. Indian tourism industry has recorded a phenomenal growth particularly from 1990s [Sathyanarayana, Ramu 2006] in terms of both international and domestic visitor arrivals. A noticeable change in the holidaying trend was reported both the international and domestic tourists showed an inclination towards adventure sports. India is slowly but surely awakening to its tourism potential. The outcome of many studies hat has been done about tourism states that India is best suited for all kinds of tourism rural, cultural, eco-tourism, spiritual, sports and adventure tourism. With small countries like Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand are all ready major tourist destinations; India has to struggle to promote itself to the world tourists [Revathy 2008]. Background of Kerala Kerala, one of the smallest states lies in the southern coast of India, is one of the leading proponents of tourism in various sectors. Kerala has a vast and vibrant arena, where drama unfolds in the form of spell bounding heritage cites station, un -spoilt beaches, picturesque hill, roaring water falls, old temple towns, exotic wild life, bustling cities, surrounded with back waters, varied adventure sports and a vibrant way of life. Kerala is one of Indias most advanced societies with nearly full literate people and excellent quality of life. The people of Kerala are more sensitive than people elsewhere because of high literacy rate [Kumar, Sudheer 2007]. On its way to becoming south, Kerala is one of the states that attract a large number of tourists in South India. In order to tap the tourist potential of so much history and such a variety of natural endowments, the Kerala government is taking a number of steps to improve the states infrastructures like air, road and rail links. The state is evolving new strategies, creating dynamic blue prints and ensuring meticulous execution will make sure that the state will emerge on top. Developing world class tourism products needs enhancing infrastructure, stream lining administration, strategic alliance and marketing will ensure that tourism bring sustainable growth and prosperity to Kerala also known as Gods on Country [Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006]. Kerala provides an ample opportunity for home stay and rural tourism. In this research work, this aspect of Kerala is trying to be explored. In addition to this, the fact that Kerala has remained and still continues to be one of the most favorite sites for tourists will also be highlighted (Thomas, K.W. (1992), pp.651-717). The landscape and the scenic beauty of Kerala are such that the tourists enjoy coming in India and exploring the various parts of Kerala (Sunderland, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74). In addition, it was also seen that in the recent times, the sector of rural tourism is also increasing manifold (Thomas, K.W. (1992), pp.651-717). Thus, though this research work, the concept of rural tourism will also be highlighted. This introduction highlights the fact that rural tourism is relevant in developing nations where there is enough of land cape and scenic beauty to give the feel of the rural life (Thomas, K.W. (1992), pp.651-717). Today, for rural tourism, a village ca n prove to be an important site for tourist attraction. Any unbridled and indiscriminate growth of tourism leading to the problems of pollution, environmental and economic hazards and culture degradation will definitely be opposed by the highly sensitive host population of Kerala. The various negative factors of tourism will have far reaching consequences upon the people of Kerala besides making impact upon the tourists visiting the state. Definition of Tourism Tourism has been defined as the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside of their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes [WTO 1998]. There are different words and meanings for tourism such as Domestic Tourism: that involves residents of the given country travelling only within the country. Inbound Tourism:- involves residents travelling in the given country. Outbound Tourism: means residents travelling in another country. International Tourism:- consists of inbound and outbound tourism [WTO 1998]. Sustainable Tourism There is no widely accepted definition of sustainable tourism. It could, of course, be suggested that sustainable tourism should simply be about applying the Brundtland Report definition of sustainability to tourism. This could lead to a definition such as: Forms of tourism which meet the needs of tourists, the tourism industry, and host communities today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. There is another definition of sustainable tourism emphasizes the environmental, social and economic elements of the tourism system. This definition means tourism which is economically viable, but does not destroy the resources on which the future of tourism will depend, notably the physical environment and the social fabric of the host community [Swarbrooke 1999]. Sustainable tourism is the tourism development that protects important ecological and biological qualities and the process results in increased economic opportunity for local residents and involves them in decision- making, and respects the integrity of cultural norms and traditions. Sustainable tourism development is based on the objective that it meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support system [Ashraf, Fazili 2004]. For the development of tourism, the department has decided to develop policies, strategies and plans for sustainable tourism. The tourism plan or policy is a gambling that will definitely have winners or losers that make the public sector tourism policy a political issue. Tourism has powerful vested interests that will seek to influence the political process such as transport operators and hoteliers. Such kind of groups may also oppose measures to make tourism more sustainable. Rather than giving importance to the merits of tourism view point, the government and local communities are taking the tourism decisions for political reasons [Swarbrooke 1999]. The concept of sustainability clearly embraces the environment, people and economic systems. Therefore sustainable tourism is based on; social progress reflecting the needs for everyone, effective protection of environment, prudent use of natural resources, maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment. According to Swarbrooke 1999, there are number of obstacles that will limit the role of the public sector in tourism, planning and development. They are; Tourism is only a low priority for the public sector and there seems to be a lack of political will to develop sustainable tourism. The concept of public sector planning and regulation are out of fashion Many public sector bodies lack the financial resources required to play a major role in tourism planning and development. There is lack of staff expertise in tourism in most public sector organizations around the world. The series of election affects the willingness of politicians to make the kind of long term decisions on which sustainable tourism depends. Public sector is only a minor player in the tourism industry with least control over tourism products. Sustainable tourism is lead by motives like spirit of enquiry, love of beauty, search for knowledge and respect for nature. It aims at quality tourism which creates least damage to the natural, social and cultural environment. The sustainable tourism hinges upon the overall management as a viable method in sustainable tourist activities. The overall quality approach renders the management of products especially of tourist areas, extremely sensitive to the preferences and expectations of consumers. The private and public profitability of a tourist destination will depend on the client sanitation, since they will return more often and stay longer and will transmit a positive image of their holiday experience to others. However, as these preferences and expectations include the demand for unspoilt settings and consumer satisfaction, the profitability of a tourist spot, will call for the development of strategies for sustainable development [Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006] Community Based Tourism Tourism can bring both benefits and problems to an area. If well planned, developed and managed, tourism generates local jobs and income and provides opportunities for local entrepreneurs to establish tourism enterprises that lead to improve the living standards of residents [WTO 1998]. Community based tourism includes a range of activities, services and amenities provided by the rural people to attract tourist to their area in order to generate extra income. It is often considered ideal and inherently sustainable as it attracts manageable number of visitors, does not need much infrastructural development , does not consume too much of already scarce resources, does not require high amount of skill base, and provides a source of income to locals besides preserving the local culture and its traditions. One of the main attractions of CBT is the highly personal interactions between the host and the guest where both parties can share knowledge, ideas and experience and as a consequence increase the earnings of local community with minimal investments. Events like, a night out with the locals at their homes, participation in the lesser known village religious or cultural events, an opportunity to participate in local activities like agriculture, fishing or even living with locals and sharing their food, their lives and their occupation could provided the much needed fillip for community based tourism [Mello 2008]. Tourism can bring both benefits and problems to the local society and its cultural patterns. Although more difficult to measure than economic or environmental impacts, socio -cultural impacts are major considerations in developing tourism in any place. These impacts can be especially critical in countries that still have strongly traditional economies and societies. Despite the fact that tourism can generate socio -cultural impacts, it is obvious that any kind of new development brings changes. Tourism is one of the important sources that can bring changes in a society. A well planned, developed and managed tourism in a socially responsible manner can bring some kinds of socio -cultural benefits such as Improves the living standards of people and helps pay for improvements to community facilities and services, if the economic benefits of tourism are well distributed. Conserves the cultural heritage of an area which otherwise might be lost as a result of general development taking place. Conservation of archeological and historic sites was referred to under environmental impacts. In some places tourism can be the impetus for revitalizing cultural patterns which might be disappearing. Reinforces or even renews a sense of pride of residents I their culture, when they observe tourists appreciating it. Helps develop and maintain museums, theatres and other cultural facilities supported by tourism but the residents can also enjoy it. Tourism provides an opportunity for cross culture exchange between tourists and residents who learn about, and come to respect one anothers culture. This exchange can be best be achieved through certain forms of tourism educational and other types of special interest tours, village tourism and home visit programmes whereby tourist can arrange to visit local families. Homestay Tourism It was noted that these days, the craze for home stay tourism is increasing. This is because now people have less time an in that less time they want to experience all that they can of the culture of the people. Home stay is one of the most recent opportunities for tourism business owners to lure the customers and at the same time maximize profit (Sunderland, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74). In this tourism, the host or the business owner allows the tourist to stay at their own houses or at specially designed huts such that they get first -hand information about the culture, and place they are visiting (Sunderland, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74).3-74). These Homestay businesses are running on a small scale by families allowing tourists to stay with them and to enjoy the food, lodging and other requirements. In lieu to these services, the person will give the household a fixed amount of money that fixed earlier. In this way both the person and the visitor also benefitted (Sunderl and, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74). There are cases in Kerala where traditional huts are also constructed so that the tourists and come and stay with the people to have the feel of life in the rural society (Thomas, K.W. (1992), pp.651-717). This led to the evolution of the home stay system as they get a chance to interact with the local people and host and gain first -hand experience about the place (Sunderland, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74). Home stay tourism is also a variant of ecotourism and primarily ensures in focusing that the tourists to give an experience of the rural lifestyle (Sunderland, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74). However, Kerala faces many social and economic problems in this. The culture of the host and the guest meet and so there are changes of hurting the sentiments of one another (Sunderland, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74). In addition, there are sometimes cases when the guest is not satisfied at the service given in that host (Hofstede, G. (2001), pp. 34-45). As the sceneries and sceni c beauty and hospitality of Kerala are great, this has been using as a marketing strategy to explore the prospects of tourism in Kerala (Sunderland, S., Nelson, R. (1995), pp. 53-74). This interest of the people to get mixed with the local culture of the people help in making rural tourism so popular in Kerala (Hofstede, G. (2001), pp. 34-45). These will be described in detail in the research work. Definitions of Homestay Tourism It is comparable to bed and breakfasts, but even less formal. A home stay property is a non commercialized, private residence that accommodates paying guest(s) who enjoy staying in the comfort and security of a family home. These guests often reside in the family home for an extended period of time, usually months rather than days. It is a safe, affordable means of housing popular amongst international students, interns, travelling professionals and adult visitors from other countries, who are looking to experience and learn about local lifestyle and culture [cited on: onecaribbean.org] Homestay is one type of tourism that promotes interaction between host families and tourists [cited on: mekongtourism.org] Homestay tourism refers to one pattern of tourism with emphasis on ecotourism and community based tourism, in which tourists will stay over night with the host in the villages. The hosts have to support visitors like a member of the family and involve them in all kinds of activities and shared experiences. These activities have the objective of learning about locals life style and livelihood of residents in the community [Phonwiset, Yomsatharn, Chusakul 2008 cited on: nubkk.nu.ac].